give them your undivided attention
do not multi task
• avoid why questions
• do not minimize what is being said
• do not fill the silence with your own talking
• some people need time to think
• silence allows you time to think of a response
• listen for their feelings and not just the facts
• pay attention to body language
• this will allow you to clarify what was said
• this will let people know you are listening to them and will provide validation
• run through key points to affirm your understanding
• ask (non-threatening) questions to build understanding
• interpret after you feel you have grasped content